General Dog Training Guide

Characteristics of the types of higher nervous activity in dogs

General dog training techniques

1. Accustoming to a collar, leash, nickname 2. Initial approach to a dog and training it to a trainer 3. Walking near (beside) 4. Free state (walk) 5. Approaching a trainer (calling) 6. Returning to a place (place) 7. Landing (sitting) 8. Raising objects (grabbing) 9. Giving a voice (voice) 10. Laying down (lying) 11. Standing (standing) 12. Prohibiting command (fu) 13. Accustoming to refusal of food found and given by strangers 14. Overcoming obstacles (forward, barrier) 15. Slowing down the pace of movement (quieter) 16. Crawling (crawling) 17. Swimming 18. Group lesson 19. Teaching the dog to shoot

Establishing contact with your dog

Long walks accompanied by play, gentle voice intonations, giving treats, caring for a dog are the most effective means of taming a dog, establishing contact necessary for successful training. If the correct approach was applied to the dog, then within a few days contact will be established. Distrust of the trainer will be replaced by trustfulness, the dog will try to be near the trainer all the time, willingly play with him, react to changes in the intonation of his voice, to his nickname. Once contact is established, you can begin training your dog.

Collar, leash, nickname training

Dogs entering training must be accustomed to their nickname, collar and leash. This work is usually done with a dog less than 5 to 6 months old. Nickname training. The nickname is the first, and subsequently the most frequent command used by the trainer to attract the attention of the dog. For a nickname, any word, short, sonorous, with a clear ending, can be used, excluding human names. We can recommend this method of accustoming to a nickname. A trainer with a tank containing food or with some delicacy (for example, pieces of meat) enters the cage where the dog is, and, offering her a tank or holding out his hand with a treat, calls a nickname with affectionate intonation. After a pause, if the dog does not come up on its own, it comes up to it, puts a tank in front of it, or, after giving it the meat, strokes it. This is repeated 2-3 times. Getting used to getting the treat from the hand, the dog begins to reach for it and approach it on its own, after which it receives the treat with the command "good". First, you should seek the dog's approach to the extended treat at a distance of 2 - 3 steps, then run back further, beckoning the dog to your nickname; when the dog approaches, give it a treat. After a few of these exercises, the dog will get used to its name. As soon as the dog has firmly mastered the nickname, you should refrain from giving treats, replacing them with the command "good" in encouraging intonation and stroking. The nickname must be repeated when giving the dog food. If the dog is transferred to another handler, these exercises should be repeated. Collar training. Simultaneously with the accustoming of the dog to the nickname, it is also accustomed to the collar. The collar is selected so that it is free, but at the same time the dog could not remove it. The trainer, entering the dog's cage, calls her nickname, gives a treat and, while playing, distracts the dog's attention, puts on a collar. If the dog stubbornly refuses to put on the collar, you can use the following method: while playing with a rag, one end of which she pulls, pass the other end through the collar, holding it with your left finger, and then, taking the collar in your right hand, put it on in one motion on the dog by stroking it. In the future, repeating these activities, they leave the collar on the dog each time for a longer time and try to distract its attention by playing. Leash training. When the dog will not drop the collar, it is leash-trained. While playing with the dog with the left hand, they "take it by the collar, and in the right hand they hold several pieces of meat. Holding the right hand with meat in front of the dog's muzzle, and holding the collar with the left hand, one should move forward. The dog, feeling the smell of meat in front of him, will not turn attention to the fact that she is being held by the collar, and will follow. After going through steps 10 - 15 in this way, you need to give the dog a piece of meat and move again. When the pieces of meat are fed, caress it and let it walk. Next time during play, fasten a short leash to the collar, grab the end of the leash with your left hand and, calling the nickname, pull the dog to you, give a treat, caress and let it go for a walk.After several exercises (if the dog fits boldly), the short leash must be changed to a long one and repeat several times Exercise During the period of training the dog to the leash, any coercion should be avoided so as not to cause him to fear the leash and distrust the handler. You are not indifferent to the leash, the mastering of the technique can be considered complete.

Methods and techniques of dog training

Dog training consists of: 1) general training 2) special training 3) training. The purpose of general training is to develop the dog's general obedience and discipline skills necessary to control its behavior in special training and service use. Special training is used to develop the dog's skills necessary for one or another special use of the dog (tracing, guarding, etc.). The training aims to strengthen the dog's skills developed in the process of general and special training, and systematically improve them in relation to the specific conditions of the dog's service use. When training dogs, a number of specific, sequential training techniques are used. There are methods of general training, special training and training methods. Before starting training, it is necessary to establish how to get the dog to perform (at least primitive) the required technique. In all cases, training the dog should be started in light conditions, gradually increasing the influence of the environment (distraction) and the requirements for a clearer implementation of the technique. It is necessary to begin training with what is easy and simple and end with what is difficult and difficult, trying not to make mistakes. The first days of training are devoted to long walks and games at rest to establish contact between the trainer and the dog and to finally identify the correct assignment of the dog to this trainer. After that, general training techniques are introduced. When passing these techniques, special attention should be paid to the development of the dog's interest in carrying objects, using this property in the future to build complex techniques of special training. Having worked out one technique in an elementary way, it is necessary, polishing it, to introduce another into training, adhering to the sequence of entering the techniques described in the manual. It is recommended to practice several techniques in parallel. This will speed up the training, make it varied and not fatiguing for the dog. The first 5-10 days after the start of training, you should refrain from entering special techniques (until contact with the dog is established), and then begin to introduce them, along the way practicing general training techniques. At least before the transition to special techniques, it is necessary to work out: beckoning, shrinking, lifting objects, after which the time allotted for general training techniques is gradually reduced and brought to 10-15 minutes of training exercises. When practicing a certain skill in a dog, it is necessary to observe the principle of invariability of signals (commands, gestures) and unconditioned stimuli. When starting to practice a skill, before giving a signal to a dog, you should get its attention by naming its nickname. It is impossible during the training period to use the dacha for a long time with good performance. It would be a mistake. When, on the basis of this unconditioned reflex, a conditioned reflex to an affectionate intonation is formed, a delicacy, as a constant method of encouragement, must be canceled, using it only periodically to reinforce conditioned reflexes. You can work with the dog twice a day, in the morning and in the evening before feeding. The duration of the lesson is any, but on condition that the dog is interested in the lesson and is not tired. The normal state of the dog's nervous system is an indispensable condition for the success of training. Finding the necessary "approach", being able to achieve the required action from the dog is the most difficult task, having solved which, the trainer has to repeat the exercises to work out the reliability of the technique and polish it. For each lesson, a plan should be drawn up, which provides for the time and content of the lesson, its duration, breaks for rest and walking the dog, as well as the environment. The results of the classes, the behavior of the dog are recorded in a special diary.

Walking around

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skill of trouble-free movement next to the trainer on command and gesture. The conditioned stimuli of this technique will be the command “near” and the gesture - a light blow with the palm of the left hand on the thigh, unconditioned - a jerk with a leash. An encouraging conditioned stimulus is the command "good"; unconditional - stroking and giving treats. The practice of the technique should be started after the dog is sufficiently "attached" to the trainer, accustomed to the nickname, collar and leash. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. A site for training with a dog should be chosen so that there are as few distracting stimuli as possible (movement of people, vehicles, livestock, etc.). The site must be at least 100 - 150 m long and 50 - 100 m wide, not have high vegetation cover, ditches, ditches and other obstacles that impede movement. After walking the dog for 10 - 15 minutes, the trainer begins to practice. To do this, the trainer, taking the dog on a short leash, stands on the right side of the dog so that his left leg is approximately in the middle of the dog's body. With his left hand he takes the leash at a distance of 20 - 30 cm from the collar, rolls up the end of the leash and takes it in his right hand. Calling the dog by its nickname and giving the command “near”, it makes a leash forward, at the same time starting to move in a straight line with a brisk step, sharply different from the pace of movement when walking with the dog. In the first two or three sessions, the dog will inevitably be distracted, lag behind, run ahead or to the side (the trainer must constantly observe its behavior and environment). In these cases, the trainer gives the command “near” and at the same time makes a jerk with the leash - forward, if the dog is lagging behind, and backward, if it runs forward. When the dog is in the correct position (at the handler's foot), a rewarding command “okay” follows, giving a treat (meat) and stroking the dog (from withers to croup). When practicing the skill of "walking beside", the leash should not be held in a taut position, it is necessary to give the dog the opportunity to "make mistakes" - to get out of the correct position at the trainer's leg. The correct position of the dog when moving with the trainer should be considered such when the lag or running ahead will be no more than the length of the dog's body. In the first days of classes, one should beware of using strong jerks with a leash, giving too loud commands in a threatening intonation. The movement next to the dog in the first lessons should be carried out in a straight line for a distance of at least 100 - 150 m, without sharp and sharp turns. A conditioned reflex to the command “near” is usually formed in most dogs after 5 - 6 sessions. To make sure that the conditioned reflex is formed, the trainer, loosening the leash during movement, watches the dog, and when the dog lags behind or runs ahead, gives a strict command “near”. If the dog immediately takes the correct position, then the conditioned reflex is formed. After that, the practice of the skill should be gradually complicated: the movement should be made at different rates (fast, quiet step, running), making stops and sharp turns in movement. When the trainer changes the pace of movement, you should first give the command "close", and then make a dash with the leash forward if the pace of movement increases, and a slight dash back if it decreases. When turning to the right, give a jerk of the leash forward, and when turning to the left, give a slight jerk back (or restraint). After a few days, classes should be carried out in an environment where there are distracting stimuli, as well as at different times of the day and in different weather. At the same time, they begin to practice the gesture skill. Classes continue on a leash. The trainer takes the leash in his right hand. Before starting the movement, the command “near” is given and the gesture is a blow with the left hand on the thigh with a simultaneous jerk with the leash. The team must precede the signal and the dash. Gradually, the command “near” and jerks are given less and less and replaced with one gesture. Usually, after 4 - 5 days of training, the dog already begins to respond well to the gesture, it is only necessary to refine this skill in the future. Further, the practice of "walking alongside" without a leash begins. The control of the dog while moving is achieved with the help of commands or gestures. To do this, the trainer first practices on a weakened leash, allows the first time to lower the leash to the ground. If the dog to the command “near” and the gesture does not respond enough, to lag behind or run ahead, step on the leash or, lifting it, make a strong jerk (forward or backward), having previously given the command “near” in a threatening tone. After the dog performs well on command and gesture, the leash is removed and only gesture is used. If the dog performs this action well, one should not forget to reward it with the command "good", affection and delicacy. Improving the skill, that is, achieving the clarity and reliability of its implementation by the dog, it is necessary to periodically reinforce conditioned stimuli - a command and a gesture - with a direct stimulus - a jerk of the leash. The practice of the skill can be considered complete when the dog will clearly and reliably perform these actions without a leash, at the first command or gesture of the trainer when moving at different rates in moderately difficult conditions, with turns and stops.

Free state

The purpose of the hold is to give the dog a rest and allow him to behave freely on command and gesture. The conditioned stimuli of this technique are the command "walk", given with a gentle intonation, and a gesture - throwing out the right hand in the direction of movement. The unconditioned stimulus is the dog's striving for a free state (the "freedom" reflex). This skill is practiced simultaneously with the "walking beside" and "approach of the dog to the trainer" technique. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. The command "walk" is given to the dog, which is on a long leash near the trainer, while the right hand is pointed in the direction of movement with a sharp movement with an inclination of the body. After that, you need to run, playing with the dog, 5 - 10 steps, call it by its nickname and exclaim with affectionate intonation: "walk", "walk", "good". At the same time, the behavior of the trainer should be energetic and cheerful. After jogging, you need to let the dog walk freely without removing the leash. After 3 - 5 minutes, call the dog, caress, give a treat and repeat the reception 2 - 3 times. With repeated techniques, the dog will develop a stable conditioned-motor reflex, and, at the command of the trainer, it will clearly pass into a free state, which is usually called walking. The dog should be walked in places where there are various distracting stimuli (animals, people, various sounds, smells, etc.), which will gradually teach the dog to be indifferent to them. The skill must also be practiced when walking the dog, after feeding. When walking, the dog must be free. You should not leave parfors on it (except in exceptional cases when the dog makes attempts to pounce on passing people), restrain it in movement; rude shouts and jerks should not be allowed. Walking on a long leash should be carried out only at the beginning of training, bearing in mind that the dog can run away, attack a person, animals. When the dog has a well-developed skill of "approaching the trainer", you should move on to walking without a leash. The walked dog must be in the field of vision of the trainer at all times; it must not be allowed to move a long distance from the trainer, which depends on the degree of the dog's attachment to the latter. When an attempt is made to retire to a distance more than a long leash, the dog must be called and, after caressing it, again give it a free state on the command "walk". If the dog tries to attack people or animals, it should be taken on a leash and, when thrown, give a dash with the forbidding command "fu". The skill can be considered as worked out if the command "walk" the dog quickly goes into a free state.

Approach the trainer

The purpose of the technique is to develop in the dog the strong skill of a trouble-free approach to the trainer on command and gesture from any distance and position. Conditioned stimuli of the reception - the command "to me" and the gesture - a sharp lowering of the raised right hand on the hip. Unconditioned stimuli are food and pulling the dog towards you. As a reward, use the command "good", a treat, stroking the dog and playing with it. Reception "beckoning" should be carried out simultaneously with the development of skills "walking near" and "free state". In the event that the trainer raises the puppy himself, the practice of this skill should be started at 4 - 5 months of age. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. Classes for practicing the skill are carried out in the same conditions as the skill “walking beside”. In the first days, the skill is practiced based on the position of the free state of the dog and only on a long leash. The trainer, walking the dog and trying to be unnoticed by it, moves back to the length of the leash, then calls its nickname and loudly, with encouraging intonation, gives the command "to me", showing her a piece of meat prepared in advance, and again gives the command "to me", "Okay". As soon as the dog approaches, the trainer gives it the meat and strokes it, saying "good". Later, when the skill is worked out, the command "good" and the giving of treats are made after the dog approaches the trainer. If the dog does not respond to the command “to me”, the trainer gives this command a second time and, simultaneously with a slight jerk, slowly pulls on the leash, bringing the dog to him, after which he gives a treat with the command “good”. Usually after 4 - 5 lessons for the command "to me" the dog immediately comes to the trainer. After that, they begin to work out the approach to the gesture with a landing in front of the trainer. Classes are held in the same conditions and on a long leash. The trainer, having called the name of the dog, simultaneously gives the command and the gesture "to me". When the dog approaches, the trainer quickly gives the command "sit" and simultaneously presses on the sacrum, and with the right pulls the leash up - back until the dog sits down, after which he gives the command "good", "sit" and encourages it with a treat. Then the command "walk" is given to the dog, and the technique is repeated. After 5 - 6 sessions, when the dog is good enough to perform these actions, you can gradually move on to practicing the skill without a leash. Leave a short leash on the walking dog for the first few days. The practice of the skill should be considered complete when the dog runs up to the trainer at the first command or gesture without fail and quickly (at a gallop) and sits down in front of him ..

Place

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skill of flawless execution of the command “place” from any distance and position. Conditioned stimuli of the reception - the command "place" and the gesture - a sharp throwing of the right hand to the side indicated by the trainer of the place. Unconditioned irritants are food. As a reward, use the command "good", a treat, stroking the dog and playing with it. If the trainer is raising the puppy himself, practice this skill should be started at 4-5 months of age. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. Classes on the development of the skill are carried out in the same conditions as the skill "approach to the trainer." The trainer takes a piece of cloth (rug 50 - 50 cm). Then he sits down, throws the mat in front of him in front of him, gives the command “place” and puts it on him, with the palm of his left hand presses on the dog's withers, and with his right hand simultaneously pulls the forelimbs forward or, taking the leash with his right hand, (10-15 cm from the collar ) produces a prolonged dash downward and somewhat forward. Under the influence of this complex of stimuli, the dog exhibits an unconditioned reflex of position and is forced to lie down, stretching its front limbs forward and tucking up the hind limbs. As soon as the dog lies down, the trainer in an affectionate tone gives the commands: "place", "good", holding the dog in a lying position for no more than 15 - 20 seconds, after which he strokes, saying the command "good", gives a treat. As soon as the dog, at the command "place", will lie down on the mat, we complicate the technique. The trainer puts the dog on the mat and moves one meter away from it, beckons it to him. As soon as the dog approaches the handler, he gives the chest of drawers a "place" and with a gesture of his right hand points to the mat. The first starts of the dog, the trainer accompanies it to the specified place, you can also put a piece of meat on the mat. As soon as the dog begins to perform, the technique without the assistance of a handler, the distance gradually increases to 25 meters. Later, when the skill is worked out, the command "good" and the giving of treats are made after the dog fulfills the command of the trainer. If the dog does not respond to the command "place", the trainer gives this command a second time. Usually after 4 - 5 trainings for the command "place" the dog immediately follows the command of the trainer. After 5 - 6 sessions, when the dog is good enough to perform these actions, you can gradually move on to practicing the skill without a leash. The practice of the skill should be considered complete when the dog returns to the designated place indicated by the trainer without fail and quickly (at a gallop).

Fit

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skill to sit down without fail at command and gesture. The conditioned stimuli of this technique are the command to "sit" and the gesture - throwing the right hand forward above shoulder level. Unconditioned stimuli - a slight jerk of the leash up - back and pressure on the sacrum (croup). Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. The “landing” method should be started no earlier than on the 5th-6th day of classes, in parallel with the “walking alongside” and “beckoning” techniques. The trainer, having the dog on the left at the leg, turns to face it, takes the leash in his right hand 10-15 cm from the collar, and puts his left hand palm down on the dog's rump, gives the command "sit" and pulls the leash up and back, at the same time presses on the dog's rump and repeats the "sit" command. As soon as the dog has sat down, the trainer with the command "sit", "good" in an affectionate tone continues to hold the dog in this position for 10 - 15 seconds, after which he gives a treat, strokes and walks the dog. After 3 - 5 minutes the trainer repeats the landing technique again. Usually in most dogs a conditioned reflex to the command to "sit" is formed quickly, approximately on the second or third day of training. To check whether a conditioned reflex has formed, the trainer after a walk, having called the dog, gives a strict command to "sit" without jerking the leash and pressing on the croup. You can check this even at stops, while practicing the "walking next to" technique. If the dog obeys the command, then the conditioned reflex has already been formed. After the formation of a conditioned reflex in the dog to the command to "sit" near the trainer, the practice of the technique is gradually complicated. The handler stands in front of the dog one step and lands it in front of him. Having achieved this, he increases the distance by 2 steps or more, depending on the success in performing a trouble-free landing, gradually bringing the control of the dog from a distance of 20 - 25 m with a shutter speed of up to 5 - 10 minutes. To develop reliability in performing this action, it is recommended to periodically apply unconditioned stimuli. When moving away from the dog, it is necessary to carefully monitor that it does not jump out of place, and when trying to break off, give a loud, threatening intonation command to "sit". If the dog nevertheless stands up and moves forward, the trainer approaches it, repeats the "sit" command, makes it sit down in its old place, applying a stronger unconditioned stimulus - pressing on the dog's croup and jerking the leash. The practice of gesture skill begins like this. The trainer stands on, one step in front of the lying dog and, holding a short leash in his left hand, gives the command "sit" and simultaneously makes a gesture. If the dog does not sit down, a repeated command with a threatening intonation and a gesture follows, combined with a light blow from the bottom up under the leash (unconditioned stimulus). Having achieved a clear landing from the dog on a command and a gesture on a short leash, you can start practicing the joke on a long leash. When moving away from the dog, it is necessary to beware of arbitrary jerks with the leash. The leash must be released carefully and move away from the dog slowly, and the first days of training do not turn your back to it in order to prevent the dog from falling off the spot, warning this by giving the commands "sit", "good", "sit". Improving the development of the skill, the trainer must achieve the correct position of the dog (not to allow the croup to fall to the side) and its constant alertness to the trainer so that the dog is ready to land at his first command or gesture. After the dog will clearly perform this action, you can proceed to the practice of landing without a leash. While practicing the skill, the trainer should not forget to reward the dog for the correct performance not only with the command "good", but also by stroking, giving a treat. Complications in work (work at different times of the day, in different places with the presence of distracting stimuli) are introduced gradually and only after the dog has trained a conditioned reflex to perform this action without fail. The skill should be considered as worked out when the dog clearly and flawlessly performs it at the first command or gesture of the trainer at a distance of up to 25 m from him.

Item framing

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skills in lifting and carrying light objects to the handler on command and independently. Conditioned stimuli during skill development are the commands "aport", "give" and a gesture - the free throwing of the right hand in the direction of the object with an inclination of the body. Unconditioned stimuli are a thing (a dog can eat), a treat and a weasel. The technique is of an auxiliary nature and is used in the future to practice such special techniques as a search of the area, work on the trail, and selection of things. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. You should start practicing the skill no later than 10-15 days after the start of training, when the relationship with the dog will be established and the following techniques will be worked out: free state and call. The first days of classes, the skill development should be carried out in the absence of distracting stimuli. For training, it is necessary to prepare a wooden object 15-18 cm long and 3-4 cm in diameter. The skill can be practiced in two ways: by motivation and by compulsion. The first method: the trainer, having seated the dog at the leg, takes an object in his right hand and, as if playing, makes movements with his hand with an object in front of its muzzle, gives the command - "fetch" - "fetch". The rapid movement of the object excites the dog and he tries to grab it. The trainer, using this attempt of the dog, inserts an object into its mouth. As soon as the dog has clamped the object in its teeth, the trainer repeats the command "fetch" and immediately gives the command "good". In order to prevent the object from being thrown away, the trainer holds it by one end and pulls it slightly towards him, which makes the dog grip it with his teeth more tightly. If the dog holds the object well, then you can run 10-15 meters with it, then go to a step and on the move, giving the command "give", take it from the dog, then pet it, give a treat to play with it and walk. After the walk, start classes in other, techniques and periodically repeat the technique of "carrying things". Too frequent repetition of this technique should not be abused, since this can cause the formation of a negative conditioned reflex - an undesirable connection. Having achieved the grip of the object from his hands, the trainer, throwing the object 2 - 3 m in front of him, gives the command "fetch" and quickly moves to the object with the dog, repeating the command. As soon as the dog took the object, the trainer gives the commands: "good", "fetch", and runs away from the dog. Having run 10 - 15 m, the trainer quickly turns to the dog and as soon as she ran up to him, as in the first case, on the command "give" he takes the object away from the dog and encourages it. The dog must not be allowed to throw a thing when approaching the trainer. The trainer must have time to take it. In most dogs, a conditioned reflex to the "aport" command is usually formed after 3 - 5 sessions. Later, in a more complex situation, they begin to work out the formation of a conditioned reflex and to a gesture. Classes are held without a leash. The trainer, throwing the object and pronouncing the command "fetch", simultaneously makes a gesture - movement of the right hand in the direction of the object and moves forward towards the object, thus activating the movement of the dog behind the thrown object. If the dog, picking up the object, will quickly run up to the trainer, then he should let the dog come to him for 2 - 3 steps and give the command "sit". After the dog has sat down, the command "good" is given, and then the command "give" follows. The subject is taken away from the dog, the dog must be encouraged and, on the command “near”, is seated at the trainer's left leg. If the dog, having picked up the object, walks towards the trainer slowly or remains in place, and sometimes, while playing with the object, moves away from the trainer, it is necessary to quickly run away from the dog, giving the command “to me”. When the dog runs up, sit him down and take the object. In such cases, you should practice on a long leash, play more with the dog, give it a treat with a tray, achieving "attachment" to yourself and a quick (at a gallop) approach with the subject. Having achieved a trouble-free delivery of a thrown object from a distance of 10 - 15 m and the dog landing in front of you, you can start practicing the delivery of an object with a search for it, increasing the throwing distance of the object to 15 - 20 m. dog any object in the grass, ditch, on arable land, etc., so that it is invisible from the spot, and after 10 - 15 seconds lets her go to find the object. It is possible that during the throw, the dog will take off, therefore, when throwing the object and giving the command to "sit", it is necessary to hold the collar with the left hand or take it on a short leash, holding it in the left hand. In this case, the dog that has taken off from its place gets a strong jerk, the trainer gives the second command to "sit" and after a short restraint, giving the command "fetch" and a gesture in the direction of the thrown object, sends the dog for the aported object. At first, the dog, being in an excited state, deviates in different directions when searching for an object. The trainer must help her by directing the dog towards the lying object, giving the command "fetch". At the same time, an additional command "seek" ("aport - seek") is introduced, which in the future will be one of the elements in the development of the "area search" technique. In the future, they practice the skill of carrying different objects, regardless of the material from which they are made. In cases where the dog is unable to achieve an interested retrieval of the object, the following method can be used. Having seated the dog and letting her sniff the treat, the trainer, in front of her eyes, throws the treat 10 - 15 m into the grass, after which, at the command "fetch", sends the dog for the thrown treat. When the dog finds a treat (on its own or with the help of a trainer), the command "ok" is given and the dog is allowed to grab the treat. Then the delicacy is tied in a rag and the technique is repeated. When the dog grabs the found rag, the trainer, on the command “give”, selects it and with the command “good” with giving treats encourages the dog * Then a hard object (for example, a bone) is wrapped in a rag and the technique is repeated. After that, they proceed to the tray of the shrunken item in front of the trainer, and then in the usual manner. The method of "coercion". In this case, the trainer opens the dog's mouth with his hands, puts in the object to be loaded and, holding its jaw with his hands, so that the dog does not throw the object away, pronounces the commands “fetch”, “good”. After 3 - 5 seconds, he takes the object from the dog and encourages it. In practice, such dogs usually grab an object on the 4th - 5th day of training on the command "aport", that is, they develop a conditioned reflex. Further development of the skill is carried out in the same sequence as in the first method. In preparing a dog for sampling objects with the help of instinct, it is recommended to throw things at the things of other trainers and require the dog to select and bring only “his” aported object. The aorting items need to be diversified. When practicing the skill of "carrying things", one must beware of mistakes, which consist in the untimely giving of delicacies. Often, inexperienced trainers are in a hurry and prepare a treat for the dacha before performing the technique. Therefore, some dogs, getting excited by the treat and trying to get it faster, throw the object, which negatively affects the development of the skill. "Carrying out things" is considered to be worked out when the dog will reliably find and bring various objects at the first command or gesture of the trainer with landing in front of him, holding the object in his teeth.

Styling

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skills to lie down at the signal of the trainer and remain in this position even in the absence of the trainer until the signal allowing it to stand up. Conditioned stimuli when practicing the technique: the command "to lie down" and the gesture - a sharp lowering of the right arm, extended forward to shoulder level. Unconditioned stimuli - pressure on the withers of the dog, "pulling forward of the forelimbs", "jerking the leash." Reception "laying" should be started on the 3rd - 4th day after the introduction of the technique "landing" and work it out in parallel with all the techniques of general training. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. The first 3 - 4 days, before the formation of a conditioned reflex to the command "to lie down", the technique should be taken from the position when the dog sits at the trainer's feet. Having given the command to sit and turning to the dog, the trainer gives the command “to lie down”, after which he presses the withers of the dog with the palm of his left hand, and simultaneously pulls the forelimbs forward with his right hand, or, taking the leash with his right hand, (10-15 cm from the collar) makes a prolonged jerk down and slightly forward. Under the influence of this complex of stimuli, the dog exhibits an unconditioned reflex of position and is forced to lie down, stretching its front limbs forward and tucking up the hind limbs. As soon as the dog lies down, the trainer in an affectionate tone gives commands: "lie down", "good", holding the dog in a lying position for no more than 15 - 20 seconds, after which he strokes, saying the command "good", gives a treat, and then on the command " walk "gives the dog a free state. After walking the dog (2 - 3 minutes), the trainer resumes training, practicing other techniques and periodically repeating the "styling". The conditioned reflex to the command "to lie down" in most dogs is formed relatively quickly, usually after 4 - 5 sessions. Having achieved from the dog a clear fulfillment of the skill on the command "to lie down" in the immediate vicinity of the trainer with an exposure of 1 - 2 minutes, one should proceed to practicing the gesture technique. To do this, the trainer, having seated the dog, stands in front of it in 1 - 2 steps (later this distance increases first by the length of a short, and then a long leash), gives the command "lie down" and at the same time a gesture. In the event that the dog does not lie down on a signal, the trainer gives a second command to “lie down” with a threatening intonation and makes a gesture in combination with a light blow on the leash from top to bottom and a little back (a kind of jerk as was done initially). At the same time, one should not forget that before practicing the skill in this way, the collar on the dog should be turned upside down. Otherwise, hitting the leash may cause irritation in the form of a blow to the dog's face, ears or eyes. After the dog lies down on command and gesture at a distance of a long leash, the practice of the off-leash skill begins. Deficiencies of individual elements are eliminated, such as: the dog's disengagement, an attempt to approach the trainer without a command, the croup collapses when laying down, etc. The strength of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is gradually reduced. Commands are given less often, gestures more often. The time the dog is in the prone position is brought up to 5 - 10 minutes. Each performance by the dog of a skill must be supported by giving a treat or petting with the command "good". The introduction of various complications and the refinement of this skill are performed in the same way as the skill "landing". The practice of the skill is considered complete when the dog clearly and flawlessly performs the skill at the first command or gesture of the trainer at a distance of 20-25 meters in moderately difficult conditions with an exposure in the prone position for up to 10 minutes.

Call bark

The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skill to notify by barking about the approach of strangers (when guarding), about the discovery of a hiding person, heavy or suspended things (when searching the area and tracking work). Barking is also of secondary importance for a number of special training techniques. As conditioned stimuli, the command "voice" and gesture are used - waving to the sides with the right hand, bent at the elbow, palm forward. Reception is introduced after practicing the skill of "carrying objects". Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. There are several ways to artificially induce a barking (voice) in a dog: barking can be caused by teasing the dog by an assistant; showing the dog meat; the trainer leaving the tied dog (when it is in an unfamiliar environment for her); the method of imitation, etc. can be used for this purpose. When a dog is excited by teasing, the technique is carried out as follows: the dog is kept on a short leash near the trainer. The helper, slowly approaching the dog, by movements of the body, waving his arms, excites the dog and causes it to bark. As soon as the dog barks, the handler uses a gesture, says the command "voice" and gives a treat with the command "good". The assistant is hiding at this time. Each time the barking caused is reinforced with a delicacy and the commands "voice", "good" with the use. In the future, the role of the assistant disappears. To invoke barking Apply only the handler's command and gesture. This method is applicable to dogs that are excitable and angry. A challenge to barking at a treat. The trainer, having seated the dog, lowers the leash to the ground, stands on it with his foot so that the dog cannot jump. Taking a piece of meat in his right hand and waving it in front of the dog, the trainer excites it and simultaneously utters the command "voice". At first, the dog tries to grab the meat, but since it cannot get it, it gets excited and barks, after which the dog is given a treat. When the command "voice" and gesture are combined with immediate stimuli, the dog develops a stable conditioned reflex both to the gesture and to the command "voice". Call barking on a leash. The dog is tied up in an unfamiliar environment. The trainer, having excited the dog with the game, leaves the dog. When leaving, he calls a nickname, gives gestures and says the command "voice", the dog, seeing the trainer leaving her, gets excited and barks. The trainer, pronouncing the command and giving a gesture with his right hand, quickly runs up to the dog, caresses it and gives it a treat. This method gives good results when there is a good bond with the dog. Challenge barking imitation. Difficult barking dogs are brought closer to dogs that bark well. Cause trained dogs to command and bark gesture, encouraging them to do so. At the same time, the trainer tries to induce barking by one of the listed methods in the dog, which is difficult to bark at the command "voice". Equally, dogs interested in carrying objects can be induced to bark at the retrieving object. The dog, trying to grab an object and not being able to reach it, will become excited and begin to bark. This must be combined with the command "voice" and gesture, reinforcing with the command "good", affection, and also a delicacy. During the initial practice of this skill, the trainer is obliged to give a treat to the dog not only when it loudly and clearly gives a voice, but also when trying to bark. And only gradually should one come to the conclusion that meat should not be given for weak barking. When the conditioned reflex is sufficiently fixed in the dog, you can refuse to give the treat, replacing it with the command "good". With the development of a strong response in the dog to the trainer's request for the manifestation of barking, the skill improves, they tend to cause barking in the dog in different positions, from different distances and in the presence of distractions. The call to bark is considered fulfilled when the dog, lying and sitting (without a leash), at the command and gesture of the trainer at a distance of 25 m, will clearly show barking.

Position

Technique is of secondary importance in dog training. Standing is necessary for cleaning the dog, veterinary examination, correct assessment of the exterior and examination. The conditioned stimulus is the command "to stand" and the gesture is a sharp raising of the left hand forward to the level of the shoulder, palms up, the unconditioned stimulus is the support with the left hand under the dog's belly. The technique is introduced after the landing and laying techniques and is practiced in parallel with other general training techniques. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. Standing practice is done in an environment where there are fewer distractions for the dog. The trainer, being on the right side of the sitting dog, pronounces the command "stand" in a raised intonation, simultaneously with his right hand he jerks the leash forward - upward, and with his left hand presses under the belly, as if lifting the dog, repeating the commands already in a softer tone "stand " and good". As soon as the dog gets up, the trainer strokes it, gives it a treat, and after a short exposure gives the dog a free state on the command "walk". Then, having called the dog, the exercise is repeated several times. The "standing" skill can be successfully practiced directly while cleaning the dog. In the future, when the dog, at the command of the trainer, will clearly perform the skill, it should be encouraged only when it will stand correctly, keep the front and hind limbs straight and straight, stretch the trunk well and hold the head normally. The skill is gradually improved by developing endurance to stand near the trainer, as well as on the boom. The standing skill is considered to be mastered when the dog clearly fulfills the "stand" command with an exposure in the standing position for up to 5 minutes.

Stop unwanted dog actions

The purpose of the technique is to develop in the dog the skill of quickly stopping at the command of the trainer of its undesirable behavior. The conditioned stimulus of the reception is the command "fu" with a threatening intonation, the unconditioned stimulus is a strong jerk of the leash. With the help of the "fu" command, the trainer stops any undesirable behavior of the dog or attempts to commit it (attacking people, animals, etc., grabbing various objects, picking up food, as well as distraction to various other stimuli). The command of prohibition - "fu", along with coercion and encouragement, should be used only in case of actual necessity, when it cannot be replaced by a threatening intonation with the command of the appropriate technique. If the dog's command is delayed as a result of distraction, the command should be given with a threatening intonation, without resorting to using the “fu” command. The "fu" command should be given at the moment when the dog is just starting to perform an undesirable action. The command "fu" is pronounced abruptly and always with a threatening intonation. The "fu" command is not replaced by any gestures or other signals. To carry out this command, the dog is taught with the help of a jerk with a leash. In some cases, the use of parfors (strict collar) is allowed. The practice of "stopping the undesirable actions of the dog" should be started after the "connection", "contact" with the dog has been consolidated and after the "approach to the trainer" technique has been practiced. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. The practice of the skill is carried out in an area where there are various distractions (movement of people, vehicles, the presence of pets, birds, as well as various garbage, bones, food debris, etc.). Arriving in such an area, the trainer puts on the parfors on the dog (if the dog is excitable) and lets it on a short leash for a free walk, carefully observing its behavior. At the moment when the dog, attracted by the sight of an animal or the smell of refuse, makes an attempt to grab them, the trainer loudly pronounces the command "fu" with a threatening intonation and at the same time makes a strong jerk with a leash, which stops the undesirable action of the dog, after which he calls and strokes it, and after a short pause, the dog gives the command "walk". The exercise is repeated 3 - 5 times at different intervals (so that the dog can recover from the inhibition caused by the "fu" command). Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. Training sessions should begin 3 to 4 hours after feeding the dog. At the beginning of practicing the skill, the trainer, for 5 - 6 days, makes the dog refuse to eat food without the trainer's permission. To do this, the trainer, taking a tank with food, puts it near the dog's cage. Then he takes the dog on a short leash, brings it to the food tank and sits it down 1 - 2 steps in front of the tank. When the dog tries to approach the tank, the trainer gives the command "fu" in a strict tone, makes a jerk with the leash and, not allowing the dog to reach the tank, gives the command "sit". After 20 - 30 seconds, the trainer takes the food container, puts it in the dog's cage and allows it to eat the food, giving the command "good". When eating food, the handler is near the dog. After eating the food, the dog is walked. After a series of such combinations, the dog usually develops a conditioned reflex to the "fu" command after 5-6 days, and the dog will not eat food without the permission of the trainer (owner). During these days, the exposure of the dog in front of the tank with food is brought to 3 - 5 minutes. After that, the classes are transferred to the field (to the site), where they usually teach the dog. Here the trainer or other person (assistant) places a piece of meat at a well-visible landmark (near a separate tree, stump, post, stone, etc.). (In the first 2-3 days of training, it is better to put a large bone with a small amount of meat on it.) Then the trainer takes the dog on a long leash, walks it and gradually brings it to the place where the meat or bone is laid, observing the dog's behavior. If the dog, approaching the meat, will not take it, but, looking at the trainer, will wait for permission, the trainer gives the command "walk" and continues to move in the same direction. If the dog, despite this command, remains in place, the trainer gives the command "walk" for the second time, slightly pulls on the leash and takes the dog away. If the dog, having not yet "reached the lying meat and having only sensed its smell, rushes to it (which is usually typical for dogs with a predominant alimentary reaction), the trainer gives a loud command" fu "in a strict tone and makes a strong jerk In the first days of training, such dogs should be kept on a short leash. As unconditioned stimuli, use a jerk with a leash during parfors and a blow with a whip. On the first day of training, these actions must be repeated 4 - 5 times. In the subsequent repetition, they are gradually brought to 8 - 10 Once a day. Further, the practice of this skill is complicated. Meat is laid out in small pieces in several places at imperceptible landmarks and classes are carried out by the above method. food given by a "stranger." The role of a "stranger" person (assistant) can be performed by another trainer or any person present ... The trainer, having tied the dog to a tree, post or hedge, stands behind it. The helper appears from the side from behind some shelter and goes to the dog. Stopping 2 - 3 steps from the dog, affectionately calls her nickname and shows the meat. If the dog makes an attempt to take meat, that is, reaches for the helper, the trainer gives a strict "fu" command, makes a jerk with a leash or strikes with a whip. The assistant immediately, as soon as the command "fu" is given, goes for cover. Having done several such exercises and having achieved an indifferent reaction of the dog to the meat shown by the assistant, they proceed to further developing the skill. For this, the assistant in the first 2 - 3 lessons throws the meat on the ground near the dog in such a way that the tied dog cannot reach it, and quickly leaves. If the dog tries to get meat, the handler forbids it, in the same way as when showing meat. If the dog does not try to get the thrown meat, then the trainer, having given the command "good", quickly approaches the dog, strokes it and gives a treat (meat). Then he walks the dog. It is not allowed to feed the dog meat, either scattered on the ground or thrown by an assistant. Further, the feed refusal process is made more difficult. The trainer, having tied the dog and holding a leash attached to the parfors, hides from the dog, but so that it is possible to observe its behavior. After that, the helper comes out from behind the shelter, approaches the dog and gives it food (puts a food container or throws a piece of meat). When the dog tries to take food, the trainer, without showing himself to the dog, makes a strong jerk with the leash. After 2 - 3 such exercises, the assistant leaves, and the trainer, leaving the shelter and caressing the dog, gives it a "free state". In order to avoid possible food poisoning of the dog by found or thrown food, the trainer (owner) must patiently and systematically practice the dog's skills not to eat such food. Refusal of food is practiced during the entire training period and further polished throughout the dog's training.