1. Sampling of things 2. Search of the area 3. Search of premises 4. Setting on the trail 5. Development of anger 6. Detention and convoy 7. Guard on the spot and in motion
1st period. The task of the first period is to develop the dog's skill of sniffing things and objects from the hands of the trainer. 2nd period. The task of the second period is to develop the dog's skill of selecting "his" thing from identical objects with a smell of strangers. 3rd period. The task of the third period is to develop in the dog the skill of selecting from identical objects that do not have the smell of people, an object with the smell of a stranger. 4th period. The task of the fourth period is to develop in the dog the skill of selecting an object with the smell of one stranger from other objects with the smell of other strangers. The selection of objects by the dog during this period is made in the most varied combinations of 10 - 15 objects and ends with a "blind" selection. With systematic practice of this technique, the dog develops a clear skill of odor differentiation after 2 - 2.5 weeks. Before proceeding to the practice of the skill, it is recommended to pre-toss in full view of the sitting dog the retrieving object to another object and, sending the dog for the object, at the command “fetch”, make sure that it takes only its own aporting object. Having achieved this, working off a selection of things will be much easier. The selection of things is structured as follows: apart from the rest of the dogs, at the direction of the trainer, they put on a clean and level place two items of the same shape (sticks) at a distance of 20 - 30 cm from one another. The trainer, 3 - 4 m from the put objects, preferably in the direction of the wind, sits down the dog (the dog is on a leash). He gives her a sniff of his aorting object, doing it like this: with his left hand he easily takes the dog by the muzzle, holding the object in his right hand, brings it to the nose and says the command "sniff". After that, rubbing the object with his hands, he moves away from the dog and puts it in front of the two previously placed sticks (and sometimes, without leaving the place, throws it). Then he returns to the dog. He takes the dog by the muzzle with his left hand, and brings the palm of his right hand to the nose. At the same time, several times, in a gentle intonation, he utters the command "sniff", "sniff". If the hand senses that the dog is sniffing, the trainer approves of the dog, pronounces the commands "good", "sniff". After that, with a gesture of his right hand, he shows the dog to lying objects, sends the dog to them, walking next to the dog and saying the command "sniff". At the handler's gesture and the command “sniff”, the dog approaches objects lying on the ground and, in some cases, first grasps the first object that comes across, without sniffing. The trainer does not allow this, utters the command "sniff", "sniff" in a threatening intonation, forcing the dog to throw the wrongly grasped object, points at the desired object and makes him take it. When the dog picks up the object, the handler gives the command "okay". If the dog sniffs exactly at the desired object, but does not take it on its own, the trainer helps the dog by saying the commands "fetch", "good". And as soon as the dog takes the desired item, he beckons him to him and caresses. In the same case, when the dog sniffed the objects and correctly took the desired thing, the trainer gives the commands "good", "good", "to me." He takes the object from the dog, caresses it and gives it a treat. After that it is recommended to play with the dog for 1 - 2 minutes. During the lesson, the dog is allowed to sample no more than 2 - 3 times. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the last start of the dog on the sample was always successful and was fixed with a delicacy. In cases where the dog is mistaken and takes the same object twice, it should be removed and replaced with another. If the trainer sees that the dog weakly differentiates the object or shows a desire to take any object, the dog should be taken away from the things and, having seated it, allowed to sniff the thing and hand again, and then let it be sampled again. Individual dogs are bad at sampling things. In such cases, it is recommended, in full view of the dog, to throw your dumping object to others and immediately let it go by the commands “fetch” and “sniff”. In an effort to take a thrown object, the dog will sniff at the objects, and grasp the object with a familiar smell. This moment must be captured by the trainer and linked with the command "sniff", securing it with a delicacy. The trainer must clearly know the object to be selected and the place where it lies. Confusion is completely unacceptable here, it complicates and delays skill development. The trainer should not touch other objects with his hands, so as not to leave his smell on them. It should not be forgotten that the main command in this technique is the “sniff” command, which denotes a general signal to sniff and differentiate odors. The commands "aport" or "good" are used only when the dog sniffs the desired object accurately, but does not take it in the teeth. The command "fu" is pronounced only in a soft tone and only if the dog, at the command "sniff", given in a threatening tone, does not throw the wrong thing. With the correct and timely giving of the commands listed above, the timely encouragement of the dog, the latter relatively quickly begins to sniff at lying objects and correctly choose the desired smell among others. When approaching with the chosen item, the dog must sit in front of the trainer and, on the command “let”, give the item. After the dog has been able to unmistakably pick the handler's items by sniffing his hand, the dog is sent to the sample by sniffing the item. Thus, the working conditions for the dog are somewhat more complicated. In this case, instead of a hand, the trainer gives the dog his thing to sniff. As soon as the dog, when sniffing a thing, relatively correctly selects the object of the trainer, the number of foreign objects increases to 6. If at the beginning the objects were put by one person, now several persons put their objects, this increases the number of smells among which the dog will choose the desired thing. Subsequently, in order to develop a finer differentiation in the dog, the number of objects with different odors is increased to 6 - 8 pieces. The aorting items are mixed with other things. The layout of objects will be diversified. The time for starting the dog to sample is gradually delayed by several minutes. Commands of an auxiliary nature are not used and only one basic command "sniff" remains. The dog goes to work without a leash. To check how correctly the dog chooses the trainer's item, the latter is completely covered with other items. The dog is given complete independence in sampling. After the dog, from sniffing the trainer's thing, will clearly and without mistakes choose his thing from other foreign objects, it is switched to a selection of “foreign” things. The selection of "foreign" things is first carried out in light conditions. Two persons put three objects 12 - 20 cm apart from each other (aport). The first one puts two items, the second one (the second will serve as an assistant). The assistant who put one item down, we leave the trainer with any thing with its own smell (headdress, gloves, etc.). The trainer, as in the selection of "his" things, in 3 - 4 m from the set items puts the dog down, carefully takes the thing left by the assistant, and lets the dog sniff it. After that, he puts this thing on the ground beside him and, with a gesture with the command “sniff,” sends the dog to the sample. The first two or three times, the dog will usually look for a thing with the trainer's scent among the lying objects. The trainer gives the command "sniff" in a threatening tone. In some cases, the dog will return to the handler without selecting or picking up the item. In this case, the trainer gives the dog a second sniff of the thing and sends it back to the sample. Sometimes he brings the dog directly to the thing, pointing at it with his hand. This technique is repeated 3-4 times. With the correct selection, the trainer calls the dog up and rewards it with a “good” command, stroking and giving a treat (meat). Since sniffing a thing when sampling "his" things in a dog has been worked out, the technique of sampling "other people's" things is worked out much faster. With the transition to the selection of "foreign" objects, one should not return to the selection of things with the scent of a trainer, as this will knock the dog down during subsequent exercises on the selection of "foreign" objects. The selection of "foreign" items is gradually becoming more complicated. Things are diversified in shape, size, and their number is increased. The trainer should especially carefully observe the dog's actions during sampling, avoiding mistakes in giving auxiliary commands, and know the chosen object well among other things of the assistant. Places where items are laid out for sampling should be changed more often. They also change the assistant. When a dog, released on a sample without a leash, clearly, without errors, chooses a "foreign" thing, this dog is checked by the so-called "blind" sample. In this case, the handler does not know what the dog will have to choose. This activity is led by another person. Often, inexperienced trainers make mistakes when practicing a skill. The most typical of them are as follows. Layout of things with the presence on them, in addition to the individual smell, of other unwanted odors, such as: meat, dog saliva and other odorous substances that attract a dog to pick and pick up an unknown thing. The difference in the freshness of smells when sampling "foreign" things, that is, when the selected thing is rubbed vigorously before laying out, and the rest of the things in the hands of the assistant remain with a lesser smell. This leads to the fact that the dog chooses a thing not according to the individual scent of the helper, but according to the freshness or the strength of the scent. Excessive actions of the trainer at the time of practicing the technique lead to the formation of unwanted connections. For example: if the trainer always utters the auxiliary commands "fetch" and "good" at the moment when the dog is just intending to take the object, then in this case the dog will establish an unwanted connection, and the dog will make a sample not by smell, but by team. Or it is enough for the trainer to take a step back several times at the moment when the dog is just sniffing at things, as it will grab the first thing that comes across and bring it to the trainer. The trainer is obliged to very carefully monitor his actions, avoiding unnecessary movements at the time of sampling. A technique can be considered worked out if the dog, without the help of a trainer, clearly chooses "other people's" things from 6 - 8 different items.
The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's skill to choose a person from a group of people by the smell of his thing. The main conditioned stimulus is the command "sniff" and a gesture - throwing out the hand in the direction of a group of people. Auxiliary - command "good" and soft command "fu". An unconditional irritant is the dog's grip on the helper. Reception is introduced after the dog is relatively good at choosing "other people's" things. This technique, like sampling of objects, contributes to the development of the dog's sense of smell for a clearer differentiation of odors. Initially, classes are conducted in a light environment - with minor distractions. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. New in this technique for the dog compared to the previous one will be sampling of a person. At the direction of the trainer, 3 - 4 assistants stand in one line in advance. The assistants are dressed in their own clothing. The distance between the helper should be such that the dog can walk freely near each person during the haul (1 - 2 steps). One of the assistants, in advance, throws out three meters of the thing belonging to him - a hat or a roll of shoes. The trainer comes with the dog to the thing thrown by the helper, and on the command “sit”, he seats the dog. With the right hand, with the help of some object, better than tweezers (so as not to leave your smell on things), very carefully takes this thing and lets the dog sniff it. At the same time, in the usual intonation, he pronounces the command "sniff", "sniff". After that, putting the thing on the ground behind him, with a gesture of his right hand, simultaneously with the command “sniff” in an increased intonation, he sends the dog from the flank, holding it on a leash, to the sample. At first, the dog may not make a sample. After sniffing at the people standing calmly, she will try to leave. In this case, the helper, which the dog should select, makes a movement. The dog usually immediately switches to the helper and grabs him. At this time, the trainer rewards the dog with the command "good", pulling on the leash, and the dog, as it were, pulls the helper out of order. When the assistant leaves the group, the trainer pronounces the command “stop” for him. The assistant on this command stops and stops any movement. The trainer takes the dog and takes it away from the helper, saying the command “near”. The assistant at this moment again joins the group, only in a different place. The trainer, having given the dog to sniff the same thing, with the command "sniff" sends it a second time to the sample. After the dog has patted the helper by the clothes, it becomes easier for him to select the already familiar smell, and the dog usually makes the secondary sampling correctly. In those cases when the dog, which was sent to the sample, makes a mistake, tries to pounce on another helper, the trainer pronounces the command “sniff”, “sniff” in a forbidding tone and directs the dog to the desired helper. The exercises are repeated in each session 3 to 4 times, until the dog is good at sampling from 3 to 4 people. In the future, the sampling conditions gradually become more complicated. The group is increased to 6 - 8 people. The distance between assistants is shrinking. People line up one to another closer. The dog is sent to a sample from a group of lying and sitting people. Help from the handler is reduced. When the dog is calm and error-free in sampling, it is allowed to haul without a leash. You can train the dogs to bark the assistant chosen in the group. They do it like this. When the dog approaches the helper, whom must be chosen, and tries to grab him by the clothes, the trainer with the command to "sit" in a threatening tone sits down the dog. The latter, being in an agitated state, exhibits barking. At this moment, the trainer gives a treat, strokes, saying the command "good". If the dog grabs the helper and flaps, the command "fu" is given. Subsequently, the dog, when sampling, will sit in front of the selected face and bark pointing at him. The sampling of a person from a thing is also achieved by the following method. The trainer, having several assistants, of whom two are equally dressed, leaves one in the group, the second begins to escort. Without turning to the dog, the escorted helper excites it by moving at a distance of 10 - 15 m from the group of other helpers. In order to familiarize the dog with the smell of the escorted, the trainer brings the dog closer to him and gives him the opportunity to grab his clothes once or twice. After that, at a signal, the dog is briefly turned or obscured by the trainer, the assistant at this time joins the group of other assistants. After that, the dog is allowed to sample. Gradually, the group increases to 3 - 4 assistants, the assistant, at the moment of leaving the group, throws his own thing prepared in advance. The handler gives the dog a sniff before allowing the dog to sample. After the dog has developed the necessary skill to go to a group and look for the desired smell, the escort is stopped, and the dog is allowed to sample a person only by the smell of things from a group of 6-10 people. A similar method can be used to conduct classes in a non-residential semi-dark room. The technique is structured as follows: 1 - 2 assistants enter and take refuge in the room. The third assistant is escorted by the dog trainer near the entrance to the premises. Having reached the entrance to the room, the assistant, having thrown his thing at the entrance, hides in the room and is located next to or close to those who had previously sheltered. The trainer, having given the dog a sniff of the thing, enters the room with it. Having allowed the dog to take up the clothes of the chosen one, the trainer takes him out. Reception is repeated 2 - 3 times. In the future, the escort is stopped, and the dog is allowed into the room only after sniffing the thing left at the entrance. Dogs that are not sufficiently "interested" in the sample of a person are aroused by the helper from behind the door, without showing them. A significant disadvantage of the method "sampling a person from a thing" is that this method is based on the active-defensive reaction of the dog, which contributes to the development of her excessive anger and strong excitement. To avoid this, the technique of “sampling a person from a thing” can be based on the “interest” in the dog's search for an aported object. The technique is carried out as follows: having prepared 3 - 4 assistants (placing them at a distance of one step from each other), the trainer offers one of them in advance to put his thing (a glove, a handkerchief, etc.) in front of him at 20 - 25 m. The trainer then gives the dog a sniff of this thing, throws it in the direction of the helpers at 15 - 20 m. And at the command "fetch" sends the dog for the thing. As soon as the dog rushes from its place on command, the assistant - the owner of the item runs out of the group, grabs his item in full view of the dog, hides it in his sleeve and gets into place. The trainer, having the dog on a leash, at the command "fetch" brings it to the group of assistants and at the command "sniff" gives the dog a successive sniff of them. As soon as the dog comes up to the helper, who has the thing, and will sniff it. the assistant, showing the thing hidden in the sleeve, gives it to the dog to grab. When the dog starts pulling the thing, the helper takes a step forward and, at the trainer's command, “okay” gives the thing to her, and the dog receives encouragement. The exercise is repeated one more time. The assistant gradually hides the thing in the sleeve deeper and the dog "pulls" him out of the group by the sleeve. On the 4th - 5th day, the number of assistants increases, the assistant does not take or hide his thing. The dog is allowed to be sampled without a leash from 2 - 3 steps from the group only with preliminary sniffing of the thing. The skill is considered to be worked out when the dog, at the command of the trainer without a leash, flawlessly and clearly selects a person with a thing from a group of 6 - 8 people.
The purpose of the technique is to develop in the dog the skill of an active, interested and organized (zigzag) search for people and objects in a certain area of the terrain and indoors. As conditioned stimuli, the command "seek" and a gesture are used - throwing out the hand with the palm down in the direction of the searched area. Alimentary, defensive and orientation reactions are used as unconditioned stimuli. You should move on to searching the area and premises after the dog has worked well: bringing things to the trainer, spitefulness and the skill of distinguishing the individual smell of a person is sufficiently fixed. Methods and techniques for searching the area. Practicing the construction technique begins with the dog finding objects on the ground. A dog is trained to search the area without a leash. Initially, the trainer develops an "interested" search in the dog by scattering his aorting objects and sending the dog after them on the gesture and command "seek". Classes in the future are carried out in lightweight conditions, in an area where there are few distracting stimuli. The site must be at least 100 * 150 m. The technique is built as follows: at the direction of the trainer, the assistant, without entering the site so as not to leave traces there, throws three objects from a distance to different places, forming two corners on the site. This order of the arrangement of objects on the site contributes to the development of a zigzag search in the dog. When the assistant scatters objects, the handler closely monitors him and remembers the places where they are. When the objects are scattered, the handler walks with the dog to the middle of the area, seats the dog and removes the leash from it. Then he gives the command "seek" and with a gesture of his right hand with a tilt of the body sends the dog towards one of the things scattered in the area. Initially, the dog is not actively searching. In such cases, the trainer, more persistently uttering the command "seek", runs along with the dog and directs it with a gesture of his right hand to the lying object. When the dog, having stumbled on an object, takes it, the trainer calls the dog to him, takes the found object from her, caresses it and gives it a treat. After that, the dog is sent to the other side of the site - to the second thing. Here, along with the command "seek", the gesture is given with the other hand with the torso tilted to the other side. In the event that the dog, approaching a lying object, does not take it, the trainer makes it take on the command "fetch". In the same order, the dog is sent in the direction of the third thing thrown by the assistant. In all cases, when the dog grabs the detected object and brings it to the trainer, the latter is obliged to encourage the dog by playing and giving it treats. After a series of such exercises, the dog will search quite actively. Subsequently, when the dog, at each turn (zigzag), will independently detect the thrown object and bring it to the trainer, with the front shrinkage, the distance between the objects is increased. The assistant still approaches the searched area of the terrain from the side, throws the first thing at the beginning of the area, not far from him, the second thing he throws further away from himself, going 40-50 m forward from the first place, and the third thing at the end of the area, about the middle. So that the dog does not develop a conditioned connection to make turns only after finding the thing, the trainer, sending the dog on the gesture and the command “seek”, gives it a direction in the direction where there is no thing. Moving with the dog and giving the command “seek” and the gesture, the trainer abruptly changes his direction by turning in the other direction. After making the second turn, the dog starts searching in a new direction. When a dog, having passed 30 - 40 m and sniffing at the terrain, stumbles upon a lying object and takes it, it receives encouragement from the trainer. After that, by a gesture of the hand, the dog is directed in search of the third thing. By practicing the skill with the help of a gesture sending the dog in opposite directions, it develops an independent, active and organized search. As the dog gains an active and zigzag search, the conditions become more complicated. Increase the number of empty corners. The trainer is in the middle of the searched area, behind the dog, controlling it from a distance by means of commands and gestures. The scattered objects are masked in the grass. They put heavy things on which the dog needs to bark. They do it like this: an assistant in a searched area of the terrain hangs up or puts down a heavy thing or a light object tied to something. Upon detection of such an object, the dog, due to the fact that it is not able to pick it up or grab the tied object, will become excited and usually begin to bark. Then the trainer quickly approaches the dog, sits it down, says the command "voice", "good" and gives it a treat. In the future, the dimensions of the areas to be searched are increased to 150 * 200m. Along with the scattered things, they are looking for a person. They do it like this: an assistant in a training suit, having previously scattered things, without leaving any traces on the territory of the site, hides. The trainer, having led the dog to the area to be searched, with the command “search” and the direction of the hand and his movement, sends the dog to search the area, and he himself moves in the middle of the area, controlling the dog. When a hiding helper is found, the dog is given the opportunity to somewhat pat the latter. After that, the helper makes an escape, and the dog is allowed to be detained. The assistant is detained and, with the help of the dog, is escorted to the place from where the dog was allowed to be searched. In the future, the search of the area is being worked out in conjunction with the tracking work. In this case, the assistant, having finished scattering things, does not remain on the site, but, leaving the starting point at the last item, makes a trail outside the searched area for 300 - 500 m. known to the trainer) are allowed to study the trail. When the trail is worked out, the assistant is delayed and escorted. These exercises are repeated at dusk and at night. In order to avoid the upbringing of an undesirable connection in the dog to objects of the same shape and to a certain area, it is necessary to systematically change areas of the terrain, thrown objects and assistants. The skill is considered to be worked out when the dog actively and in an organized manner, at the command of the trainer, searches an area of terrain 150-200 m in size, finds hidden objects and brings them to the trainer, finds people and works out their tracks.
The purpose of the reception is to develop the dog's skill to enter residential and non-residential premises and, by searching, find hidden objects and people in them. The commands and gestures for teaching these skills are the same as for searching the area. The technique is practiced in parallel with the “search of the area”. Methods and techniques for constructing the technique. Non-residential outbuildings, sheds, barns, barns, empty stockyards, etc. The pre-instructed assistant throws one or two things into the room in a conspicuous place and leaves. The trainer brings the dog to the door of the room and without a leash, at the command "look for" and a gesture sends it to the room. At first, when entering an unfamiliar room, a dog is usually alert, and its behavior is indicative. The handler must enter the room and, if necessary, point the dog with the command "fetch" to the lying objects. As soon as the dog picks up and brings the object to the trainer, the latter rewards it with the command "good" and gives a treat by stroking the dog. As the dog develops the skill to search the premises, the number of things left is increased, things that are different in shape are left, and they are carefully hidden. When the dog is good at finding disguised objects in the room, it is transferred to find a person. In this case, the assistant, dressed in a training suit, leaves his object in a conspicuous place in the room, moves away from it and hides in the same room. The handler enters the room with the dog and controls its behavior with the commands “seek”, “good” and gesture. When an assistant is found, the dog grabs him by the dressing gown and flaps him. The assistant is escorted from the premises and transferred to a third party. When the dog is trouble-free and interested in searching the premises in the presence of a trainer, it is sent alone to search basements, attics and various kinds of shelters. Subsequently, these classes are carried out at night in the presence of shots. The assistants and the searched premises are periodically changed. The skill is considered to be worked out when the dog boldly enters the room alone, actively searches for things and hiding people.
The purpose of the technique is to develop in the dog a persistent skill of trouble-free search for a person by his smell, at the command of the trainer "trace". When practicing a skill, the command "footprint", the desired smell of a person, and an object for transportation are used as conditioned stimuli. The main unconditioned stimulus causing the dog to react to movement along the track is a person (assistant) at the moment the dog grabs him at the end point of the track. In order of encouragement, they use: the command "good", a treat and stroking the dog. The technique is introduced after practicing the techniques that establish a connection between the trainer and the dog, and after the dogs have developed the skill of interested bringing objects to the trainer and selecting things. Considering that the dog's instinctive desire to pursue an animal, a person, etc. is innate, the trainer needs to develop this instinct in every possible way and direct the dog to an active and trouble-free search for a person on his trail of different ages and in conditions of different complexity. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. The training of the dog to the "track work" technique is carried out in two consecutive periods. In the first period, the dog develops the skill of an interested search for a person by his smell, in the second, the dog develops the differentiation of smells on the track. The first period, During the first period of training, it is necessary to obtain from the dog an interested sniff of the trail of the trainer and bystanders (assistant), active study of these traces along the entire length, bringing up the found objects and arresting the assistant (tracker). At the beginning of practicing the skill in this period, classes should be carried out in the morning, in the dew, in an area with the presence of shrubs and grass cover, with the least amount of distracting irritants and especially the smells of people. This creates the most lightweight conditions for the dog to work on the track. To achieve the greatest success, the trainer must assist the dog in all difficulties in its work on the track, do not allow jerks with the leash, do not detain it unnecessarily and keep up with the pace of movement when working out the track by it. Reception is carried out as follows. The trainer, having come to the practice area, ties the dog to an elongated leash (by a stump, tree or some other object) and begins to play with the dog, exciting it with an aporting object. Having caused the dog to try to grab the object, then moves away from the dog at a distance of 75 - 100 m continues to move. At the end point, openly puts the transfer object. The return of the trainer to the dog is carried out strictly according to the laid trail. When approaching the dog, the trainer, drawing the dog's attention to the lack of aport, unties it, brings it to the starting point of the track and seats the dog. After that, having straightened the leash, he says the command "trail" and, bending to the ground, gestures with his right hand to the trail. The trainer, slowly moving forward along the trail with the dog, repeats the “trail” command several times in the usual tone. At the first attempt to correctly follow the trail and sniff at it, the dog is immediately rewarded with the command "good" and the command "trail" is repeated. If the dog is not following the trail and does not sniff at it, the trainer, cutting the leash, restrains it, utters the command "track" and, pointing with a gesture of his right hand to the track, pulls the leash down and forward, helping the dog to follow the trail slightly ahead of him. At the end point of the track, the dog is brought to the abandoned aportement item. When the dog at the end point independently picks up the object, the trainer takes it from the dog, commanding “give”, and immediately rewards it with a treat and the command “good”, if necessary, the command “fetch” is given. This is followed by a game with the dog, and it is given a free state. In the same lesson, this technique with short intervals, in the same sequence, is repeated 3-4 times. Turns are gradually introduced. The given method of training is the most effective, since the formation of a conditioned reflex to the command "track" begins relatively quickly. With the correct observance of all the elements of the construction of this technique, the dog usually on the 5th-6th day of training, at the command of the trainer, begins to sniff the scent. Some trainers prefer to start off the trail by leaving the helper and teasing the dog first. This leads to excessive excitement of the dog, which makes it difficult to work out the track, since the dog, trying to find a helper and "pat" him, does not sniff at the track. Sometimes the following method is applicable. The dog is taught to have a second handler, and she must admit him to her and not show anger. When practicing the technique, the first trainer hands the dog over to the second trainer and leaves to lay a trail for it up to 300 m long with 2 - 3 corners; he does not return to the dog from the end point of his track. The second trainer, after waiting 15 - 20 minutes, takes the dog on a leash and lets it follow the trail of the first trainer using the above method. By this Method, the dog is trained to work well on the track with angles and time delay. It makes it easier to train the dog to search for "someone else's" trail. As soon as the dog clearly and interestedly will work out the trainer's tracks and a connection between the "track" command and the smell is formed, it is necessary to proceed to the study of "foreign" tracks also in facilitated conditions. The technique is structured as follows: the trainer tethers the dog and puts an object near it in such a way that she cannot reach it. After 2 - 3 minutes, an instructed assistant calmly approaches the dog from behind the shelter, picks up the lying object and leaves it at 50 - 100 m, trying to leave a clearly visible trail behind him. At the end of the trail, it makes a rounded turn and hides behind a cover. After that, the trainer unties the dog, brings it to the starting point of the track and seats it. Having straightened the leash, he says the command "trail" and, with a gesture of his right hand, points to the trail. As soon as the dog began to sniff, and followed the trail, the command is repeated. When approaching the end point, the trainer brings the dog to an object lying near the helper, and at the command "fetch" forces the dog to take the thing without arousing the dog to the helper. After encouraging the dog, the handler takes it away for cover, and the helper stays in place. After a number of such combinations, when the dog will work out the trail of the helper with an interest in the lower instinct, it is necessary to further elaborate the tracks in conjunction with the detention of the helper on the track. On the eve of the elaboration of such traces, the development of methods for the development of anger and detention is introduced. At the moment of detention, a helper's fight with a dog is staged. The assistant "breaks free" from the dog and runs away, laying the same trail as in the first case. Having given the helper the opportunity to hide, the dog is again allowed to follow the trail; this exercise is repeated two to three times with each lesson. For dogs of an excitable type that rush after the helper, as in the case of starting to arrest, it is necessary to lay tracks in a more closed area so that the dog cannot see the leaving helper and not tease him. For the development of a dog's "interest" in sniffing the trainer's and assistant's tracks and the skill of actively working these tracks in light conditions, 20-30 minutes ago, at a distance of one kilometer, for most dogs, no more than one month of regular training is enough. As the dogs are prepared, they gradually introduce complications of the track. Instead of one rounded corner, one or two obtuse corners are made, the corner at the end of the track remains rounded, the distance of the trainer from the dog is increased, and the dog is less restrained in the pace of movement. The length of the track is gradually increased to 200 - 600 m. The time for starting the dog on the track is delayed up to 10 - 30 m. The shape of the track and the nature of the corners are changed, a track is laid with several straight or sharp corners. On the trail behind corners and turns, the assistant puts various objects that the dog must bring to the trainer. During the work of the dog on the track in difficult conditions, the trainer's special attention should be paid to the accuracy of the dog working out the corners on the track, which is achieved by holding the dog with a leash when approaching the corners and with the help of the trainer at the moment of overshooting the corner. It should be remembered that frequent restraint of the dog in front of corners can lead to the formation of an unwanted bond. The dog, when held by a leash, without sniffing the track, will make turns to the sides. To avoid this, it is necessary to periodically practice restraining the dog and moving it in a forward direction during the development of the track. During further training, in cases where the dog runs over the corner of the track, it is necessary, without using the leash, to return the dog to the corner of the track and direct it to the track. When working on a track on sharp corners, the dog very often does not reach the end of the corner and cuts it off. This is due to the fact that the dog, having sensed a stronger smell from the next line of the track, freely switches to it and continues further processing of the track. There is no practical need to work out the trail to the end of the corner. Therefore, in these cases, the dog should not be required to fully work out the corners. When the dog, on the command "track", will independently find the smell from the starting point of the track and clearly work out the tracks, it is recommended to let the dog to the starting point of the track at different angles. This skill is built as follows: the trainer, not reaching 5 - 10 m to the starting point of the track, lets the dog follow the trail using the commands "sniff" and "trail" and gesture - showing with his right hand towards the starting point. As soon as the dog has found the track, immediately pronounce the commands "good", "track" and continue working on it. If the dog goes wrong and does not find the starting point, the handler moves with the dog to the starting point and directs the dog to the track, repeating the commands. Having developed the dog's skill to independently detect traces in small areas, they proceed to further work out the technique of the dog's independent finding of a trace by searching the area on a site of 40-50 m. In practice, this is done like this: the trainer lets the dog on the track line at different angles. If the dog tries to follow the track in the direction of the starting point, that is, on the opposite track, it is held and directed towards the end point of the track. With repeated repetition of such exercises, the dog will independently find and work out the track in the direction of its end point. Along with other forms of trail, it is necessary to practice laying a loop-shaped trail line. This is essential for improving the dog's ability to track different forms. The methods of training a dog on loop-like tracks are no different from those described earlier. It should only be pointed out that if the loops converge very close to each other, the dog will walk either in a straight line, or somewhat zigzag, depending on the strength and direction of the wind. Wind in any form of footprints should be considered a complicating factor. Therefore, the trainer must take this into account every time the dog is trained. In a crosswind, the dog deviates from the track line towards the direction of the wind. In a headwind, the dog follows the trail, as a rule, with an "upper instinct", less sniffing at the trail on the ground. In such cases, inadequately trained dogs often run around corners, and sometimes get off the track. Therefore, during the initial training, it is necessary to train the dog with a light tailwind and only after that proceed to work with a crosswind and headwind. It is also necessary to take into account the strength of the wind. Initially, the work of the dog on the trail should be carried out with an average wind strength, gradually moving to a strong one. With all the difficulties of the dog, it is necessary to provide it with the required assistance. Along with the gradual complication of the shape of the tracks, their length and age, other complications are gradually introduced, a change in the nature of the terrain (open, closed and crossed), the nature of the soil (plowing, mowing, trails, etc.). Work on the trail is carried out in different weather and at different times of the day: morning, night and day. Assistants are often changed. All complications should be introduced gradually and depending on the preparedness of the dog. In the first period of training, it is necessary to bring the dog to work on a track 1.5 - 2 km long and up to one hour old, at different angles. To work out a sample of a person from a track from a group and to prepare a dog for sampling the desired track from a number of other tracks, as well as to work out the reliability of processing tracks and the clarity of odor differences (differentiation). Along with this, in the first period, it is necessary to achieve a clear selection by the dog of "foreign" things with 4 - 6 smells. Second period. The task of this training period is to develop the dog's scent differentiation skills on the track. During this training period, the dog achieves the reliability of working through the crossed tracks, a clear difference in odors (differentiation) and the selection of the desired track from a number of other tracks. At the beginning of dog training during this period, the intersection of the main (desired) track at a right angle by the "alien" track is introduced. Classes are held early in the morning, or in the evening, in the absence of other traces on the ground (smells of people). The practice of this skill is built as follows. The main assistant makes a trail in the direction indicated to him. His trail is immediately crossed by another person. In 15 - 20 minutes after crossing the trail, the trainer lets the dog work out the trail of the main assistant and carefully monitors the dog's behavior, especially when approaching the crossing. If the dog switches to the trail of another plotter, then the trainer stops it at the intersection line, pronounces the forbidding command "fu", and immediately directs it to the desired trail. As the dogs become more prepared, they introduce the intersection of the track at an acute angle, and then gradually make more complex intersections of the track. The second paver goes to the trail of the main plotter at right angles. Not reaching this trail 40 - 50 m, continues to move along the paved main trail, up to about half of its distance. After that, it crosses the main trail and, moving away from it by 40-50 m (depending on the wind), continues to move parallel to the end of the main trail. Upon reaching the point indicated to him, the second assistant leaves in the opposite direction. Next, a group intersection of the track is introduced. On the instructions of the trainer, a trail is laid at a distance of 500 - 600 m. Then two other assistants go to the track line from both sides and cross the main track at an acute or obtuse angle, approximately in the middle of the line and at some distance from one another of the track. At the same time, the main trail is crossed by a third person. After that, the dog is allowed to follow the trail. When the dog switches to another trail, the trainer acts in the same manner as previously. Group trail crossing should be practiced in different terrain conditions, on different soil, at different times of the day and in different weather conditions. In the practice of working with a dog, there may be breaks in the track by water (near a river, lake) or other obstacles. When the track is broken by water and other obstacles, the trainer acts as follows. When approaching a water hazard (river, lake), a dog interested in searching begins to look for a trail along the coast to the right and left. The trainer, knowing where the trail at this obstacle is interrupted, detains the dog and goes with the dog in a convenient place through the obstacle to the other side. Having crossed to the opposite bank in 50-60 m from the line of the laid track, the trainer, at the command "trail", directs the dog along the bank to the line of the trail and as soon as it has found the trail, he pronounces the commands "good", "trail", etc. It also follows act with other obstacles (road with a lot of traffic, etc.). After several repetitions of this technique, the dog will freely work through the tracks interrupted by water and other obstacles. In further training, it is necessary to gradually move to an independent finding, by a dog, of a crossed track by searching the area. In practice, it is done like this. A crossed track is being laid; The trainer, not reaching 50 - 60 m to the starting point of the track, puts the dog down in the direction of the track. Having released the leash, the trainer says the command "look for" and "trace", makes the appropriate gesture and lets the dog search the area and find the trail. When the dog detects a trail and at the first attempt to work it out, the commands "good" and "trail" are immediately followed. The trainer, not lagging behind and without delaying the dog, follows it until the track is fully worked out.
The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skills to chase and detain a "stranger", actively fight him, guard him during escort and protect the owner when a detainee attacks him. When practicing the skill, the conditioned stimulus will be the command "face" and the gesture - the free throwing of the right hand towards the assistant. Unconditioned irritants will be: blows inflicted on the dog by the helper, grabbing the helper and fighting him during the arrest. Reception should be introduced after general training at the beginning of the special methods of dog training. For detectives - when the dog is trained on the trail of an assistant, for patrol guards - before the introduction of the "area search" technique. Methods and techniques for constructing a technique. Classes are conducted with the participation of an assistant who is familiar with the methods and techniques of dog training. Before starting each exercise, the trainer gives instructions to the assistant in the area where the dog will be taught. The dog is taken to the shelter for the duration of the briefing. (The handler should never allow himself to communicate with the helper in full view of the dog.) Helpers, as a rule; should be changed in every class. The first days of training should be carried out in an area that allows the assistant to take cover. It is advisable that during classes there was no movement of unauthorized persons, vehicles, livestock and other distractions on the site. The trainer, having tied the dog to a tree or for a special trick, stands 2 - 3 steps behind the dog. At the same time, from behind a shelter of 20 - 30 m, an assistant appears opposite the dog, dressed in a training robe. Moving to the tied dog, the helper makes sharp movements with his hands, strikes with a tourniquet or a twig on a bush, grass, making noise, changes postures, movements, crouches, lies down, crawls, etc., in every possible way attracting the dog's attention and exciting it. When the dog barks or growls in response to the helper's actions, the trainer encourages the dog by giving commands: "fas", "fas", "good". He approaches the dog and shows with a gesture towards the helper. The helper continues to approach and, before reaching the dog 1 - 3 m, stops, makes a few more sudden movements, gives the dog a tourniquet or rag to pat it and, as if frightened by the dog, runs away for cover. The trainer gives the command "good", "good", and as soon as the assistant has disappeared behind the shelter, he caresses the dog, gives it a treat and takes it for a walk in the opposite direction from the sheltered assistant. After 20 - 30 minutes this exercise is repeated (for non-spiteful dogs).
A dog that is sufficiently aroused by the helper and strokes the tourniquet or rag that the helper gave it to grab should be allowed to be detained. On the following days of training, the assistant, moving in the same order, comes close to the dog. If the dog does not show fear of him, he strikes the dog lightly with a tourniquet on the front limbs or sides, lets him grab the tourniquet and runs away in the direction of the shelter. The trainer, being near the dog, gives the command "face" and rewards it with the command "good". The assistant approaches again. The trainer, developing the activity of the dog to attack, himself, as it were, attacks the assistant, making waves of his hand in his direction. And after the helper, having struck the dog, starts to run away, the trainer quickly takes the dog on a leash (short or long), lets it stop the fleeing helper with the commands "fas", "fas", "good". Himself, keeping the dog on a leash, tries to run faster so that the tension of the leash does not slow down the dog's activity in pursuit of the fleeing helper. The helper, running away from the dog, looks around and monitors its movement. As soon as the dog catches up with him, he substitutes the right sleeve of his training suit for a grip. The dog grabs the helper by the right sleeve (and possibly, for the first time, for another part of the training suit), the helper stops and fakes a fight with the dog, behaving in such a way that the dog will always be the winner in this fight. The fight should be accompanied by shouts from the assistant. The trainer, after the dog has grabbed the helper, again gives the commands "face" and "good" and pulls on the leash in order to prevent the helper from biting the dog. Fingering the leash in his hands, he approaches the dog and takes it by the collar. The helper should “stand still”, and the dog is given the command “near” and taken away from the helper by 2 - 3 steps. Then the trainer gives the assistant the command “lie down” and takes the dog away, caresses it, gives it a treat and walks it. When practicing the skill, there may be times when some vicious dogs with a strong grip do not let go of the captured suit, continuing to flap it. In this case, the trainer takes the dog by the collar, gives the command “give” in a strict tone and makes a dash forward and upward. The dog, trying to grab the suit for another place, releases it. The trainer, using this moment, takes the dog away from the helper and proceeds in the same way as in the first case. Some dogs do not let go of the suit even under these conditions. In such cases, the helper removes it and hits the dog. Naturally, in this case, the dog throws up to ruffle the suit and rushes to the helper. As soon as the dog quit flapping the suit and switched to the helper, the handler gives the command “ok”, and then the command to the helper “stop”, “lie down” and takes the dog away. There may be dogs that do not grab, but run around barking around the helper. In these cases, a more careful approach is needed when practicing the technique; working off it will be more time-consuming. When training such dogs, they must first achieve non-fear of strangers. The development of anger in such dogs should be carried out in a group, for which the dog is tied between two angry and active dogs. The helper approaches the dogs from a distance of 20 - 30 m and comes close to them. Dramatization of the approach should be built with the appearance of fear in the assistant, without strong visual and noise stimuli; when approaching dogs, do not under any circumstances aim at a dog that is showing some cowardice. When practicing detention with a grip, at first it is recommended to let such a dog in a pair (bitch with a dog) with an angry dog. After a number of such combinations, with the activity of vicious dogs on the helper, as well as encouragement from the trainer, in such dogs the passive-defensive reaction to strangers gradually disappears. In the future, the skill is practiced in the usual manner. Having achieved from the dog an active attack on the helper with the development of anger and arresting him during the escape, the skill development is complicated. The start of the dog to apprehend the fleeing helper is carried out without a leash and without preliminary teasing of the dog. The dog is practicing a grip with interception, for which the helper first extends the right sleeve to the dog, and when the dog grabs it, strikes it lightly with his left hand. And as soon as the dog releases the right sleeve, the helper substitutes the left one for it. In the process of such actions, it is necessary to teach the dog to grab the hand or leg with which the helper is trying to strike the dog. Therefore, the helper, when staging a fight with a dog, should try to ensure that the dog always takes the leg, the arm with which he is defending himself. When the helper is detained, the handler must help the dog in the fight against him, developing the dog's anger towards the helper. However, the act of struggle itself should be short - 1 - 2 minutes.
Once the dog has developed the skill of actively arresting the fleeing person, you should begin to develop the skill of escorting the detainee. For this, the trainer after the arrest takes the dog 4 - 5 steps back from the detained helper, gives the helper the command “step march” and follows him with the dog. The dog is in a close position on a short leash. At the beginning of the movement, give the dog the command "guard". At first, the dog will generally pull on the leash strongly, pushing forward. The trainer in a strict tone gives the command "near" and makes a jerk with the leash back. Achieve a calm and alert movement of the dog when escorting without a leash should be gradually. Having escorted 80 - 100 meters, the assistant is given the command "lie down", and the dog is taken away. The command "good" is given to the dog, it is stroked, given a treat, and then walked. The helper gets up and leaves, unnoticed by the dog. In order to develop the dog's constant alertness to the escorted, the helper, moving in front, observes the dog over his shoulder and, in case of the slightest distraction of the dog, makes an escape. The trainer gives the command "face" and detains the runner. The escort (assistant) periodically dramatizes an attack on the trainer. The latter, entering into a fight with the helper, gives the dog the command "face". When the dog pounces on the helper and starts to flap him, the command "okay" is given. Thus, the dog trains the skills of protecting its owner from the attack on him by strangers. During the same period, the dog should also practice the refusal of the food given by the helper, which he throws to the dog. In the beginning, as in the practice of "refusal to feed", a bone should be tossed. The helper, throwing a bone, watches the dog, and if the dog tries to take it, he stabs the dog. A dog that does not take food is encouraged by the trainer. Further, the dog is practicing the skills of indifference to shooting at the moment of arrest. Initially, the shooting is carried out by a third person at a distance of 80 - 100 m, even during the period when the "development of anger" technique is being practiced. Gradually, with each day of training, the shooter approaches the dog up to 15 - 20 m, but is behind cover. Then the trainer fires after starting the dog to stop (when the dog has already entered into a fight with the helper). In the future, the shooting is carried out in different versions of detention and convoy. Double-sided shooting is also carried out, when both the trainer and the assistant are shooting. For safety reasons, shooting should always be carried out at some distance from the shooters from each other, as well as from the dog, and only upward. Having achieved complete calmness from the dog to the shots, you should work out with her the detention of the firing assistant with a grip on the hand in which the weapon is located. At the same time, it is necessary to practice the detention of the assistant, who is firing back from behind cover, with the launch of the dog from behind and from the side. When polishing the practice of a skill, it is necessary to diversify the clothes of the assistants both in color and in shape, since in practice, dogs often develop an unwanted connection to a training suit. Some dogs continue to ruffle the suit after the helper has taken it off and has escaped. To eliminate this, it is necessary to periodically force the assistant to take off the suit during training, be sure to switch the dog from the suit to the assistant, and also to practice tossing the suit to the dog when arresting. For this, the assistant picks up, and preferably leaves on the ground along the path of his intended movement, a second training suit. And at that moment, when the dog catches up with the helper, he substitutes a spare suit for her. When the dog grabs the suit, the helper throws it to the ground and runs further, observing the dog. If the dog is left with the thrown suit and flutters it, the helper returns, strikes the dog, switching it to himself. When practicing such an exercise, the trainer should try to run up to the dog in time, give it a loud command "fu" in a strict tone, and if necessary, a strong jerk with the command "face", switching the dog to the helper. The practice of the skill should be considered complete when the dog, at the command of the trainer, will actively detain the assistants, be alert during the convoy of the detainee and protect the trainer when attacking him.
The purpose of the technique is to develop the dog's persistent skills of prolonged alertness, soundless notification of the trainer about the approach of strangers and their active detention at the trainer's command. When practicing a skill, the command "listen" and a gesture of the right hand towards the assistant are used as conditioned stimuli. An unconditioned irritant is the helper's grasp of the dog when it is detained. As a reward, use the command "good", a treat and stroking the dog. The technique is introduced after the techniques “detention”, “convoy”, “search of the area” and “work on the trail” (the last two skills may not be fully developed, since later they are practiced in parallel with the guard service).
With this technique, the dog develops the skills of prolonged alertness and soundless notification of the trainer about the presence of unauthorized persons in the area of hearing and visibility of the dog and their detention. At the beginning of practicing the skill, classes are carried out with the onset of dusk and in an area with the least amount of distracting stimuli. The site is selected in advance so that the assistant can approach the dog as close and secretly as possible. The technique is carried out as follows: the trainer instructs the assistant, shows him the path of movement and shows the methods of action when approaching the dog. After that, the assistant takes refuge in the place indicated to him at a distance of 70 - 80 m from the trainer with the dog. The trainer, having chosen a convenient place of observation for himself and for the dog, sits down the dog somewhat in front of him and, holding it with his left hand by the leash closer to the collar, whispers in an alarming tone, gives the command “listen”, while showing the dog with his right hand in the direction of the hiding helper. At the set signal, the assistant begins to produce rustles audible to the dog, and slowly, stealthily, moves towards the trainer, making stops and periodically stopping the rustles. As soon as the trainer noticed the movement of the assistant, or heard his rustles, he gives a muffled command "listen", which he associates with the gesture. On alert listening to stimuli, the dog is immediately rewarded with a "good" command. If she barks or squeals, the trainer calms the dog by pulling on the leash and commanding “listen”. If necessary, it is allowed to use the "fu" command with a strong jerk of the leash. In addition to yanking the dog with a leash and the command "fu", as a way to muffle the barking, it is allowed to hold the dog's jaw in a closed form (or by wrapping the jaw with a leash) with the hand. The trainer, as well as jerking the leash, should link these actions with the commands "fu" and "listen". Success in damping barking in a dog will largely depend on the quality of general training techniques. The better these techniques are worked out, the easier it is to drown out barking and soundless notification of the trainer by the dog by alerting and feeding the dog's body forward towards the stimuli. To a dog with a pronounced defensive reaction in an active form and showing barking, the assistant for the first time during the days of training should not appear in the dog's field of vision, but stealthily walks away from it. This is less arousing to the dog and helps to drown out barking more quickly. The helper comes close to a dog that is weakly reacting to stimuli and, by teasing and light blows with a tourniquet, causes her anger, and then runs away. The dog is allowed to be detained. This method of training relatively quickly develops an orientational response to the rustles produced by humans. As the skill is developed, complications are gradually introduced - the distance between the assistant and the trainer is increased and the time for the assistant's actions is delayed. Rustles gradually decrease in strength. The assistant begins to appear from different directions. Classes are held at any time of the day: at night, early in the morning, as well as under unfavorable meteorological conditions, with different wind directions and different wind strengths. Along with this, it is necessary in the process of training to work out the indifferent attitude of the dog to other persons who are near the trainer. To do this, at the beginning of training, one person secretly places himself 4 - 5 m behind the dog. Then gradually the number of people can be increased. These persons are not allowed to make any noises or rustles to distract the dog.
The practice of the guard in motion is introduced without waiting for it to be fully completed on the spot. The training begins after the dog, in general, has formed a conditioned reflex to the command "listen", and the manifestation of barking is muffled. Reception is carried out as follows. They choose a section of terrain, if possible, with shrubs and small intersections, 200 - 300 m long, with the presence of a path or road on the section. The actions of the assistant are carried out in the same way as the reception of the guardhouse on the spot. The dog is on a short leash. The trainer with the dog moves along the path, periodically after 40 - 50 m makes stops for listening and gives the command “listen” in a whisper. When approaching the area where
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Ирина"Хочу выразить огромную благодарность кинологической службе "Лис" за организацию прогулок с моей собакой за период моего отсутствия в городе. Огромное спасибо Василию и его помощниками Александру и Алине!…"